Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts.
Having colitis or certain liver diseases tin can increment the risk of bile duct cancer.
Signs of bile duct cancer include jaundice and hurting in the abdomen.
Tests that examine the bile ducts and nearby organs are used to diagnose and stage bile duct cancer.
Unlike procedures may be used to obtain a sample of tissue and diagnose bile duct cancer.
Sure factors touch prognosis (run a risk of recovery) and handling options.
Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts.
A network of tubes, chosen ducts, connects the liver, gallbladder, and minor intestine. This network begins in the liver where many small ducts collect bile (a fluid made by the liver to break down fats during digestion). The small ducts come together to form the right and left hepatic ducts, which pb out of the liver. The two ducts bring together outside the liver and course the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct. Bile from the liver passes through the hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, and cystic duct and is stored in the gallbladder.
When food is beingness digested, bile stored in the gallbladder is released and passes through the cystic duct to the common bile duct and into the small intestine.
Bile duct cancer is too called cholangiocarcinoma.
There are ii types of bile duct cancer:
Having colitis or certain liver diseases can increase the risk of bile duct cancer.
Anything that increases your chance of getting a affliction is called a gamble gene. Having a gamble factor does not hateful that y'all will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you volition non get cancer. People who think they may be at risk should discuss this with their doc.
Gamble factors for bile duct cancer include the post-obit conditions:
Main sclerosing cholangitis (a progressive disease in which the bile ducts go blocked past inflammation and scarring).
Chronic ulcerative colitis.
Cysts in the bile ducts (cysts cake the flow of bile and can cause swollen bile ducts, inflammation, and infection).
Infection with a Chinese liver fluke parasite.
Signs of bile duct cancer include jaundice and pain in the abdomen.
These and other signs and symptoms may exist caused by bile duct cancer or past other conditions. Cheque with your medico if you have any of the following:
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes).
Dark urine.
Clay colored stool.
Hurting in the abdomen.
Fever.
Itchy skin.
Nausea and vomiting.
Weight loss for an unknown reason.
Tests that examine the bile ducts and nearby organs are used to diagnose and stage bile duct cancer.
Procedures that make pictures of the bile ducts and the nearby area help diagnose bile duct cancer and show how far the cancer has spread. The process used to discover out if cancer cells have spread within and around the bile ducts or to distant parts of the body is called staging.
In order to plan treatment, it is of import to know if the bile duct cancer can be removed by surgery. Tests and procedures to detect, diagnose, and stage bile duct cancer are unremarkably done at the same time.
The following tests and procedures may be used:
Physical exam and health history: An exam of the torso to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such equally lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient'south health habits and by illnesses and treatments will likewise be taken.
Liver function tests: A procedure in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amounts of bilirubin and alkali metal phosphatase released into the blood by the liver. A higher than normal corporeality of these substances can exist a sign of liver affliction that may exist acquired by bile duct cancer.
Laboratory tests: Medical procedures that examination samples of tissue, claret, urine, or other substances in the torso. These tests assistance to diagnose disease, programme and check treatment, or monitor the disease over time.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-nine tumor marking examination: A process in which a sample of blood, urine, or tissue is checked to mensurate the amounts of certain substances made by organs, tissues, or tumor cells in the torso. Certain substances are linked to specific types of cancer when institute in increased levels in the trunk. These are called tumor markers. Higher than normal levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-ix may hateful there is bile duct cancer.
Ultrasound exam: A procedure in which high-energy audio waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs, such equally the abdomen, and make echoes. The echoes form a movie of body tissues chosen a sonogram. The picture tin can be printed to exist looked at afterward.
CT scan (True cat scan): A procedure that makes a serial of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such every bit the abdomen, taken from unlike angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray auto. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body such equally the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and pancreatic duct.
Different procedures may be used to obtain a sample of tissue and diagnose bile duct cancer.
Cells and tissues are removed during a biopsy and so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer. Dissimilar procedures may be used to obtain the sample of cells and tissue. The blazon of procedure used depends on whether the patient is well enough to accept surgery.
Types of biopsy procedures include the following:
Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure to look at the organs within the abdomen, such equally the bile ducts and liver, to check for signs of cancer. Small incisions (cuts) are fabricated in the wall of the abdomen and a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted into one of the incisions. Other instruments may be inserted through the same or other incisions to perform procedures such equally taking tissue samples to be checked for signs of cancer.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC): A procedure used to ten-ray the liver and bile ducts. A sparse needle is inserted through the peel beneath the ribs and into the liver. Dye is injected into the liver or bile ducts and an ten-ray is taken. A sample of tissue is removed and checked for signs of cancer. If the bile duct is blocked, a sparse, flexible tube called a stent may be left in the liver to drain bile into the minor intestine or a collection pocketbook exterior the body. This process may exist used when a patient cannot take surgery.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): A procedure used to x-ray the ducts (tubes) that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and from the gallbladder to the small intestine. Sometimes bile duct cancer causes these ducts to narrow and block or slow the flow of bile, causing jaundice. An endoscope is passed through the mouth and breadbasket and into the small intestine. Dye is injected through the endoscope (thin, tube-similar instrument with a light and a lens for viewing) into the bile ducts and an x-ray is taken. A sample of tissue is removed and checked for signs of cancer. If the bile duct is blocked, a thin tube may be inserted into the duct to unblock it. This tube (or stent) may be left in identify to keep the duct open. This procedure may be used when a patient cannot take surgery.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): A procedure in which an endoscope is inserted into the body, usually through the mouth or rectum. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a calorie-free and a lens for viewing. A probe at the end of the endoscope is used to bounce loftier-energy audio waves (ultrasound) off internal tissues or organs and brand echoes. The echoes form a picture show of body tissues called a sonogram. A sample of tissue is removed and checked for signs of cancer. This procedure is likewise called endosonography.
Certain factors touch prognosis (chance of recovery) and handling options.
The prognosis and treatment options depend on the following:
Whether the cancer is in the upper or lower part of the bile duct organization.
The stage of the cancer (whether it affects only the bile ducts or has spread to the liver, lymph nodes, or other places in the body).
Whether the cancer has spread to nearby fretfulness or veins.
Whether the cancer can be completely removed by surgery.
Whether the patient has other conditions, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Whether the level of CA 19-9 is college than normal.
Whether the cancer has only been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).
Treatment options may also depend on the symptoms caused by the cancer. Bile duct cancer is usually found after information technology has spread and tin rarely be completely removed past surgery. Palliative therapy may save symptoms and ameliorate the patient's quality of life.
Stages of Bile Duct Cancer
Key Points
The results of diagnostic and staging tests are used to detect out if cancer cells take spread.
In that location are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.
Cancer may spread from where information technology began to other parts of the trunk.
Stages are used to depict the different types of bile duct cancer.
Intrahepatic bile duct cancer
Perihilar bile duct cancer
Distal bile duct cancer
The following groups are used to plan treatment:
Resectable (localized) bile duct cancer
Unresectable (including metastatic and recurrent) bile duct cancer
The results of diagnostic and staging tests are used to find out if cancer cells have spread.
The process used to find out if cancer has spread to other parts of the torso is called staging. For bile duct cancer, the information gathered from tests and procedures is used to plan treatment, including whether the tumor tin be removed by surgery.
There are iii ways that cancer spreads in the body.
Cancer can spread through tissue, the lymph system, and the blood:
Tissue. The cancer spreads from where information technology began past growing into nearby areas.
Lymph arrangement. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the lymph vessels to other parts of the body.
Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the claret vessels to other parts of the trunk.
Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.
When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is chosen metastasis. Cancer cells break away from where they began (the chief tumor) and travel through the lymph organization or blood.
Lymph organisation. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.
Claret. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the claret vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the trunk.
The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the master tumor. For example, if bile duct cancer spreads to the liver, the cancer cells in the liver are actually bile duct cancer cells. The disease is metastatic bile duct cancer, not liver cancer.
Many cancer deaths are acquired when cancer moves from the original tumor and spreads to other tissues and organs. This is chosen metastatic cancer. This animation shows how cancer cells travel from the place in the body where they first formed to other parts of the torso.
Stages are used to draw the unlike types of bile duct cancer.
Intrahepatic bile duct cancer
Stage 0: In stage 0 intrahepatic bile duct cancer, abnormal cells are found in the innermost layer of tissue lining the intrahepatic bile duct. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. Stage 0 is too called carcinoma in situ.
Stage I: Stage I intrahepatic bile duct cancer is divided into stages IA and IB.OverstateTumor sizes are often measured in centimeters (cm) or inches. Common food items that tin exist used to bear witness tumor size in cm include: a pea (i cm), a peanut (two cm), a grape (3 cm), a walnut (4 cm), a lime (five cm or two inches), an egg (6 cm), a peach (7 cm), and a grapefruit (10 cm or 4 inches).
In stage IA, cancer has formed in an intrahepatic bile duct and the tumor is 5 centimeters or smaller.
In stage IB, cancer has formed in an intrahepatic bile duct and the tumor is larger than 5 centimeters.
Stage II: In stage II intrahepatic bile duct cancer, either of the following is found:
the tumor has spread through the wall of an intrahepatic bile duct and into a blood vessel; or
more than than one tumor has formed in the intrahepatic bile duct and may have spread into a blood vessel.
Stage 3: Phase III intrahepatic bile duct cancer is divided into stages IIIA and IIIB.
In phase IIIA, the tumor has spread through the capsule (outer lining) of the liver.
In stage IIIB, cancer has spread to organs or tissues most the liver, such as the duodenum, colon, stomach, common bile duct, abdominal wall, diaphragm, or the part of the vena cava backside the liver, or the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Phase Four: In stage 4 intrahepatic bile duct cancer, cancer has spread to other parts of the torso, such as the bone, lungs, distant lymph nodes, or tissue lining the wall of the abdomen and most organs in the abdomen.
Perihilar bile duct cancer
Stage 0: In phase 0 perihilar bile duct cancer, abnormal cells are found in the innermost layer of tissue lining the perihilar bile duct. These aberrant cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. Phase 0 is also called carcinoma in situ or high-grade dysplasia.
Stage I: In stage I perihilar bile duct cancer, cancer has formed in the innermost layer of tissue lining the perihilar bile duct and has spread into the muscle layer or gristly tissue layer of the perihilar bile duct wall.
Stage 2: In stage 2 perihilar bile duct cancer, cancer has spread through the wall of the perihilar bile duct to nearby fatty tissue or to liver tissue.
Phase Iii: Stage Three perihilar bile duct cancer is divided into stages IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.
Phase IIIA: cancer has spread to branches on ane side of the hepatic avenue or of the portal vein.
Stage IIIB: cancer has spread to one or more than of the following:
the main office of the portal vein or its branches on both sides;
the common hepatic avenue;
the right hepatic duct and the left branch of the hepatic artery or of the portal vein;
the left hepatic duct and the right branch of the hepatic artery or of the portal vein.
Stage IIIC: cancer has spread to 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes.
Stage Four: Stage IV perihilar bile duct cancer is divided into stages IVA and IVB.
Stage IVA: Cancer has spread to four or more nearby lymph nodes.
Stage IVB: Cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lung, bone, brain, skin, distant lymph nodes, or tissue lining the wall of the abdomen and most organs in the abdomen.
Distal bile duct cancer
Stage 0: In stage 0 distal bile duct cancer, abnormal cells are constitute in the innermost layer of tissue lining the distal bile duct. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. Stage 0 is also called carcinoma in situ or high-course dysplasia.EnlargeMillimeters (mm). A sharp pencil point is about 1 mm, a new crayon bespeak is almost 2 mm, and a new pencil eraser is about 5 mm.
Stage I: In stage I distal bile duct cancer, cancer has formed and spread fewer than v millimeters into the wall of the distal bile duct.
Stage Two: Stage II distal bile duct cancer is divided into stages IIA and IIB.
Phase IIA: Cancer has spread:
fewer than 5 millimeters into the wall of the distal bile duct and has spread to 1 to iii nearby lymph nodes; or
five to 12 millimeters into the wall of the distal bile duct.
Stage IIB: Cancer has spread 5 millimeters or more into the wall of the distal bile duct. Cancer may have spread to 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes.
Phase 3: Stage Three distal bile duct cancer is divided into stages IIIA and IIIB.
Stage IIIA: Cancer has spread into the wall of the distal bile duct and to four or more nearby lymph nodes.
Stage IIIB: Cancer has spread to the large vessels that acquit blood to the organs in the abdomen. Cancer may take spread to 1 or more nearby lymph nodes.
Stage Four: In stage IV distal bile duct cancer, cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or tissue lining the wall of the abdomen and near organs in the abdomen.
The following groups are used to program treatment:
Resectable (localized) bile duct cancer
The cancer is in an area, such as the lower part of the common bile duct or perihilar area, where it tin can exist removed completely by surgery.
Unresectable (including metastatic and recurrent) bile duct cancer
Unresectable cancer cannot exist removed completely past surgery. Nigh patients with bile duct cancer cannot have their cancer completely removed by surgery.
Metastasis is the spread of cancer from the primary site (identify where it started) to other places in the body. Metastatic bile duct cancer may have spread to the liver, other parts of the abdominal cavity, or to distant parts of the body.
Recurrent bile duct cancer is cancer that has recurred (come back) later on it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the bile ducts, liver, or gallbladder. Less often, it may come back in afar parts of the body.
Handling Option Overview
Cardinal Points
In that location are different types of treatment for patients with bile duct cancer.
Three types of standard handling are used:
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
New types of handling are being tested in clinical trials.
Liver transplant
Targeted therapy
Immunotherapy
Treatment for bile duct cancer may cause side furnishings.
Patients may desire to recall near taking function in a clinical trial.
Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or later starting their cancer treatment.
Follow-upward tests may be needed.
There are different types of treatment for patients with bile duct cancer.
Dissimilar types of treatments are available for patients with bile duct cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A handling clinical trial is a research report meant to assist improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new handling is ameliorate than the standard treatment, the new treatment may get the standard handling. Patients may want to retrieve well-nigh taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open simply to patients who take not started treatment.
3 types of standard treatment are used:
Surgery
The following types of surgery are used to treat bile duct cancer:
Removal of the bile duct: A surgical procedure to remove function of the bile duct if the tumor is small and in the bile duct but. Lymph nodes are removed and tissue from the lymph nodes is viewed under a microscope to see if there is cancer.
Fractional hepatectomy: A surgical procedure in which the office of the liver where cancer is plant is removed. The part removed may be a wedge of tissue, an entire lobe, or a larger function of the liver, along with some normal tissue around it.
Whipple procedure: A surgical procedure in which the head of the pancreas, the gallbladder, part of the breadbasket, part of the small intestine, and the bile duct are removed. Enough of the pancreas is left to brand digestive juices and insulin.
After the doctor removes all the cancer that can exist seen at the fourth dimension of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiations therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Handling given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come dorsum, is called adjuvant therapy. Information technology is non yet known whether chemotherapy or radiation therapy given after surgery helps continue the cancer from coming dorsum.
The following types of palliative surgery may be washed to relieve symptoms caused by a blocked bile duct and meliorate quality of life:
Biliary bypass: If cancer is blocking the bile duct and bile is edifice upwards in the gallbladder, a biliary bypass may be washed. During this operation, the doctor will cut the gallbladder or bile duct in the area before the blockage and sew it to the office of the bile duct that is by the blockage or to the pocket-size intestine to create a new pathway around the blocked area.
Endoscopic stent placement: If the tumor is blocking the bile duct, surgery may be washed to put in a stent (a thin tube) to bleed bile that has built upward in the area. The doctor may place the stent through a catheter that drains the bile into a bag on the outside of the body or the stent may become around the blocked surface area and drain the bile into the minor intestine.
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: A procedure used to x-ray the liver and bile ducts. A thin needle is inserted through the skin below the ribs and into the liver. Dye is injected into the liver or bile ducts and an ten-ray is taken. If the bile duct is blocked, a thin, flexible tube called a stent may be left in the liver to drain bile into the small intestine or a collection bag outside the torso.
Radiation therapy
Radiations therapy is a cancer treatment that uses loftier-free energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or continue them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy:
External radiation therapy uses a machine exterior the body to send radiations toward the area of the body with cancer.
Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer.
External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat bile duct cancer.
It is not yet known whether external radiation therapy helps in the handling of resectable bile duct cancer. In unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent bile duct cancer, new ways to better the upshot of external radiation therapy on cancer cells are being studied:
Hyperthermia therapy: A treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to make cancer cells more than sensitive to the effects of radiation therapy and certain anticancer drugs.
Radiosensitizers: Drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Combining radiations therapy with radiosensitizers may kill more cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a cancer handling that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the torso (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy).
Systemic chemotherapy is used to care for unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent bile duct cancer. Information technology is not yet known whether systemic chemotherapy helps in the treatment of resectable bile duct cancer.
In unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent bile duct cancer, intra-arterial embolization is beingness studied. It is a procedure in which the blood supply to a tumor is blocked after anticancer drugs are given in blood vessels near the tumor. Sometimes, the anticancer drugs are attached to pocket-size beads that are injected into an artery that feeds the tumor. The beads block claret period to the tumor as they release the drug. This allows a higher amount of drug to accomplish the tumor for a longer period of time, which may impale more cancer cells.
New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are beingness studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Data virtually clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Liver transplant
In a liver transplant, the entire liver is removed and replaced with a good for you donated liver. A liver transplant may be done in patients with perihilar bile duct cancer. If the patient has to look for a donated liver, other treatment is given as needed.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and assail specific cancer cells. Targeted therapies commonly crusade less harm to normal cells than chemotherapy or radiation therapy practice. The following targeted therapies are existence studied in patients with bile duct cancer that is locally advanced and cannot exist removed by surgery or has spread to other parts of the torso:
Ivosidenib is a blazon of targeted therapy that blocks a specific mutation in a gene called IDH1. It works past slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.
Pemigatinib and infigratinib are types of targeted therapies that block specific changes in a gene called FGFR2. This may help keep cancer cells from growing and may kill them.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a handling that uses the patient'south immune organisation to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses confronting cancer. This cancer treatment is a blazon of biologic therapy.
Allowed checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a blazon of immunotherapy that may exist used to treat bile duct cancer.
PD-ane and PD-L1 inhibitor therapy: PD-one is a protein on the surface of T cells that helps go along the torso'south immune responses in check. PD-L1 is a protein found on some types of cancer cells. When PD-one attaches to PD-L1, information technology stops the T cell from killing the cancer cell. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors go along PD-one and PD-L1 proteins from attaching to each other. This allows the T cells to impale cancer cells. Pembrolizumab is a type of PD-1 inhibitor that may be used in patients whose cancer is locally advanced and cannot be removed by surgery or has spread to other parts of the body.
OverstateImmune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint proteins, such every bit PD-L1 on tumor cells and PD-1 on T cells, help continue immune responses in check. The binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 keeps T cells from killing tumor cells in the body (left console). Blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-i) allows the T cells to kill tumor cells (right panel).
Immunotherapy uses the body'southward immune system to fight cancer. This animation explains one type of immunotherapy that uses immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer.
Treatment for bile duct cancer may cause side furnishings.
For information most side effects acquired by treatment for cancer, see our Side Effects page.
Patients may want to remember near taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking office in a clinical trial may be the best treatment selection. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are washed to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and constructive or better than the standard treatment.
Many of today'southward standard treatments for cancer are based on before clinical trials. Patients who have part in a clinical trial may receive the standard handling or be among the first to receive a new treatment.
Patients who have office in clinical trials also assist improve the way cancer volition exist treated in the time to come. Fifty-fifty when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and assist move research forward.
Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.
Some clinical trials but include patients who have non nonetheless received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that exam new means to cease cancer from recurring (coming back) or reduce the side furnishings of cancer treatment.
Clinical trials are taking identify in many parts of the country. Data most clinical trials supported by NCI tin exist found on NCI'south clinical trials search webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can exist found on the ClinicalTrials.gov website.
Follow-up tests may be needed.
Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer or to discover out the phase of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests volition be repeated in lodge to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions nearly whether to go on, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.
Some of the tests will go along to be done from time to fourth dimension after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back). These tests are sometimes chosen follow-up tests or check-ups.
Treatment of Resectable (Localized) Bile Duct Cancer
Treatment of Unresectable Bile Duct Cancer (Including Metastatic or Recurrent Disease)
To Larn More than About Bile Duct Cancer
For more information from the National Cancer Institute well-nigh bile duct cancer, run into the post-obit:
For full general cancer information and other resources from the National Cancer Constitute, see the following:
About This PDQ Summary
About PDQ
Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Establish'south (NCI's) comprehensive cancer data database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Almost summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer data that is accurate and upwardly to date and most versions are besides available in Spanish.
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Purpose of This Summary
This PDQ cancer data summary has electric current data near the handling of bile duct cancer. It is meant to inform and assistance patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions nigh wellness care.
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Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new data. The engagement on each summary ("Updated") is the engagement of the near recent change.
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Clinical Trial Information
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether ane treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and improve ways to assistance cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected nearly the effects of a new handling and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new handling is better than one currently being used, the new handling may get "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open simply to patients who have non started handling.
Clinical trials can be establish online at NCI'due south website. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service (CIS), NCI's contact centre, at i-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:
PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Handling. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/patient/bile-duct-handling-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389290]
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